Clinical estimation of anticaries effect of probiotic toothpaste among 18-25 years old young adults- A double blinded randomized controlled trial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v11i1.852Keywords:
probiotic, anticaries, toothpaste, adultsAbstract
Aim & Objectives: The aim and objective of the study was to estimate the anticaries effect of probiotic toothpaste by assessing the Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus levels and by recording indices before and after intervention among 18-25 years old young adults.
Materials and Methods : A double blinded, randomized controlled trial was carried out among thirty healthy volunteers of young adults in the city of Madurai. The subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups of A and B. At baseline, samples of saliva were collected to check Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus levels and indices like Oral Hygiene Index (1960), Modified Turesky Plaque Index (1970), Stain Index (1968) and Gingival Index (1963) were recoded. Group A received Conventional toothpastes (Colgate cavity protection) and Group B received Probiotic toothpastes (Purexa). For the next 15 days, they were instructed to brush using only the allotted toothpastes. The saliva sample collection and recording of indices were repeated after 15 days post intervention.
Results : Gingival and oral hygiene indices showed significant differences of mean in Group B (0.14, 0.28; p<0.05 respectively). A significant difference of means was noted between Group A and B in the case of Plaque, Stain, Oral Hygiene indices and the bacterial count (Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans) (A :0.10, -0.12, 0.01; B :0.06, 0.09, 0.28 and -12.8, -14.8 ; p<0.05 respectively).
Conclusion : The probiotic toothpastes illustrated a significant reduction of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus mutans bacterial count, Stain, Plaque and Oral Hygiene index scores compared to conventional toothpastes.
References
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health Accessed on 06.07.2022
Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Seattle: Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); 2020
Pandey P, Nandkeoliar T, Tikku AP, Singh D, Singh MK. Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Indian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2021 Jun 10;11(3):256-265.
Chatterjee A, Saluja M, Agarwal G, Alam M. Green tea: A boon for periodontal and general health. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2012;16:161‑7.
Subramaniam P, Eswara U, Maheshwar Reddy KR. Effect of different types of tea on Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2012;23:43‑8.
Taylor PW, Hamilton‑Miller JM, Stapleton PD. Antimicrobial properties of green tea catechins. Food Sci Technol Bull 2005;2:71‑81.
Anderson MH, Shi W. A probiotic approach to caries management. Pediatr Dent 2006;28:151-3.
Reeves J. Probiotics—a new approach to oral health. July 2008. Available at: http://www.dentistry.co.uk/articles/probiotics-newapproach-oral-health. Accessed on July 6 2022
Reeves J. Oral health and the renal patient. Dent Nurs 2008;4: 618-21.
Hillman JD, McDonell E, Hillman CH, Zahradnik RT, Soni MG. Safety assessment of ProBiora3, a probiotic mouthwash: subchronic toxicity study in rats. Int J Toxicol 2009;28:357-67.
Caglar E, Kuscu OO, Cildir SK, Kuvvetli SS, Sandalli N. A probiotic lozenge administered medical device and its effect on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008 Jan;18(1):35-9.
Caglar E, Cildir SK, Ergeneli S, Sandalli N, Twetman S. Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 by straws or tablets. Acta Odontol Scand. 2006 Oct;64(5):314-8.
Petersson LG, Magnusson K, Hakestam U, Baigi A, Twetman S. Reversal of primary root caries lesions after daily intake of milk supplements with fluoride and probiotic bacteria in older adults. Acta Odontol Scand 2011;32:787-9.
Ahola AJ, Yli-Knnuttila H, Suomalainen T, Poussa T, Ahlstr€om A, et al. Short term consumption of probiotic-containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factor. Arch Oral Biol 2002; 47:799-804.
Caglar E, Kuscu OO, Selvi Kuvvetli S, Kavaloglu Cildir S, Kuvvetli SS, Sandalli N, et al. Short term effects of ice cream containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 on the number of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Acta Odontol Scand 2008; 66:154-8.
Krasse P, Carlsson B, Dahl C, Paulsson A, Nilsson A, Sinkiewicz G. Decreased gum bleeding and reduced gingivitis by the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri. Swed Dent J 2006; 30:55-60.
Twetman S, Derawi B, Keller M, Ekstrand K, Yucel-Lindberg T, Stecksen-Blicks C. Short term effects of chewing gum containing probiotic lactobacillus reuteri on the levels of inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid. Acta Odontol Scand 2009; 67:19-24.
Cildir SK, Germac D, Sandalli N, Ozdemir FI, Arun T, Twetman S, et al. Reduction of salivary mutans streptococci on orthodontic patients during daily consumption of yoghurt containing probiotic bacteria. Eur J Orthod 2009; 31:407-11.
Caglar E, Sandalli N, Twetman S, Kavaloglu S, Ergeneli S, Selvi S. Effect of yogurt with Bifidobacterium DN-173 010 on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in young adults. Acta Odontol Scand 2005;63:317-20.
Zhu Y, Xiao L, Shen D, Hao Y. Competition between probiotics and periodontal pathogens in vitro. Acta Odontol Scand 2010;68: 261-8.
Flichy-Fernandez AJ, Alegre-Domingo T, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Penarrocha-Diago M. Probiotic treatment in oral cavity: an update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010;15:e677-80.
Lobo PL, De Carvalho CB, Fonseca SG, De Castro RS, Monteiro AJ, Fonteles MC, Sodium fluoride and chlorhexidine effect in the inhibition of mutans streptococci in children with dental caries: A randomized, double‑blind clinical trial. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2008; 23:486‑91.
Frandsen A. Changing patterns of attitudes and oral health behaviour. Int Dent J 1985; 35:284‑20.
Harini PM, Anegundi RT. Efficacy of a probiotic and chlorhexidine mouth rinses: A short-term clinical study. Journal of Indian society of pedodontics and preventive dentistry. 2010 Jul 1;28(3):179.
Devasya Ashwin et al. Effect of Probiotic Containing Ice-cream on Salivary Mutans Streptococci (SMS) Levels in Children of 6-12 Years of Age: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study with Six-months Follow Up. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2015 Feb, Vol-9(2): ZC06-ZC09
Greene, J. Chris and Jack R. Vermillion. “The oral hygiene index: a method for classifying oral hygiene status.” Journal of the American Dental Association 61 (1960): 172-179.
Fischman SL: Current status of indices of plaque. J Clin Periodontol 1986; 13: 371-374.
Lobene, R. Ralph. Effect of Dentifrices on Tooth Stains with Controlled Brushing. The Journal of the American Dental Association 1968; 77(4), 849–855.
Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. The Journal of Periodontology. 1967 Nov;38(6):610-6.
https://microbiologyinfo.com/biochemical-test-and-identification-of-streptococcus-mutans/ Accessed on July 10 2022
https://asm.org/Protocols/Oxidase-Test-Protocol Accessed on July 10 2022
Adams, S. E., A. J. Theobald, N. M. Jones, M. G. Brading, T. F. Cox, A. Mendez, et al. The effect of a toothpaste containing 2% zinc citrate and 0.3% Triclosan on bacterial viability and plaque growth in vivo compared to a toothpaste containing 0.3% Triclosan and 2% copolymer. Int. Dent. J. 2003; 53:398-403.
https://asm.org/Protocols/Catalase-Test-Protocol Accessed on July 12 2022
Widyarman AS, Udawatte NS, Roeslan MO, Rizal MI, Richi M, Kusnoto J, Seneviratne CJ. Short- term effect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri consumption on the salivary microbiome profile of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. J Oral Microbiol. 2022 Apr 25;14(1):2067103.
Keller MK, Brandsborg E, Holmstrøm K, Twetman S. Effect of tablets containing probiotic candidate strains on gingival inflammation and composition of the salivary microbiome: a randomised controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2018 Apr 25;9(3):487-494.
Kataria P, SingH H. Evaluation of Antifungal Effectiveness of a Novel Probiotic Toothpaste: An In-vitro Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2022 Aug 1;16(8).
Abdhul K., Ganesh M., Shanmughapriya S., et al. Bacteriocinogenic potential of a probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans [BDU3] from Ngari. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;79:800–806.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Balambiga B, Umesh K, Sangeeta Chavan, R Palanivel Pandian, P Prem Kumar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
