Comparison of Clinical Efficiency between Super Elastic Nickel Titanium (SE NiTi) and Copper Nickel Titanium (Cu NiTi) Archwires during Alignment Phase of Orthodontic Treatment Original Research
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: The transformation of the Metallurgy industry over the years has brought outstanding improvement in Nickel Titanium (NiTi) alloy, resulting into orthodontic NiTi archwires with improved properties, which are routinely employed during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. Nevertheless, the clinical superiority between the second and third generation of NiTi arch-wires; the Super Elastic NiTi (SE NiTi) and Copper NiTi (Cu NiTi) archwires respectively has not been studied in the Tanzanian population. Hence, this study aimed to compare the clinical efficiency of Super Elastic NiTi (SE NiTi) and Copper NiTi (Cu NiTi) arch-wires during the alignment phase of orthodontic treatment.
Material and Methods: A total of 82 patients with an irregularity index of >2 mm on the mandibular anterior site were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups, group 1 (0.014-in SE NiTi) and group 2 (0.014-in Cu NiTi). Randomization was accomplished by random number generation via Microsoft Excel, participants were randomly assigned equally into respective groups. The arch-wire types were labeled and placed in sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes for participant allocation. Blinding to group assignment was applied to the participant and during outcome assessment. Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 25 with a p-value set at <0.05.
Results: A total of 153 potential participants were evaluated for eligibility. 67 of those were excluded. Therefore 86 patients were randomly allocated to either the study control group (group 1, n=43) or intervention (group 2, n=43). The number of participants analyzed were n=42 in group 1 and n=42 in the control group. The Little's irregularity index significantly decreased over time in both groups (p<0.001), however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two arch-wires types in their efficiency on teeth alignment (p = 0.435) and arch width expansion (p>0.05).
Conclusion: There was no significant difference between SE NiTi and Cu NiTi in alignment efficiency and arch width changes. There was no statistically significant inter-canine arch width change in the Cu NiTi group.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Little RM. The Irregularity Index: A quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod 1975;68:554–63.
Pious N, Krishnan R V, Patni V, Mhatre A. Review of Super elastic Archwires in Orthodontics. vol. 35. 2021.
Proffit DDS WR, Fields Jr DDS MS MSD HW, Larson DDS MS BE, Sarver DDS MS DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 2019.
Kim E, Gianelly AA. Extraction vs nonextraction: Arch widths and smile esthetics. Angle Orthod 2003;73:354–8.
McLaughlin, R.P. and Bennet, J.C., 1993. Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics and the Preadjusted Appliance. Wolfe.
An H, Kim S, Choi N. Minor Orthodontic Treatment Using NiTi Wire Exerting Light Force: Case Reports. J Korean Acad Paed Dentistry 2022;49:505–13.
Malik N, Dubey R, Kallury A, Chauksye A, Shrivastav T, Kapse BR. A Review of Orthodontic Archwires. J Orofac Res 2015;5:6–11.
Babanouri N, Sarbaz M, Alamdarloo Y, Haghighat M, Ajami S. Comparison of the mechanical properties and surface topography of as- received and as- retrieved Copper-Nickel-Titanium arch wires : An ex-vivo study Comparison of the mechanical properties and surface topography of as-received and as- retrieved Copper-Ni. Int Orthod 2022;21:100720.
Selvaraj A, Antony PJ, Sreekumar M, Kalarickal B, Paulose J. Comparison of load deflection properties and force level of newly introduced M5TM thermal copper NiTi with other orthodontic NiTi wires: An in vitro study. Procedia Comput Sci, vol. 133, Elsevier B.V.; 2018, p. 248–55.
Mahmoudzadeh M, Farhadian M, Alijani S, Azizi F. Clinical comparison of two initial arch wires (A-NiTi and Heat Activated NiTi) for amount of tooth alignment and perception of pain: A randomized clinical trial. Int Orthod 2018;16:60–72.
Atik E, Gorucu-Coskuner H, Akarsu-Guven B, Taner T. A comparative assessment of clinical efficiency between premium heat-activated copper nickel-titanium and superelastic nickel-titanium archwires during initial orthodontic alignment in adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. Prog Orthod 2019;20.
Kumaran D, Sundari S, Chandrasekhar S. A Systematic review on aligning efficiency of superelastic NITI: in comparison with conventional NITI and multistranded stainless steel archwires. Int J Dent Res 2017;5:39.
Sebastian B. Alignment efficiency of superelastic coaxial nickel-titanium vs superelastic single-stranded nickel-titanium in relieving mandibular anterior crowding a randomized controlled prospective study. Angle Orthod 2012;82:703–8.
Atik E, Gorucu-Coskuner H, Akarsu-Guven B, Taner T. A comparative assessment of clinical efficiency between premium heat-activated copper nickel-titanium and super elastic nickel-titanium archwires during initial orthodontic alignment in adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. Prog Orthod 2019;20.
Ulhaq, A., Esmail, Z., Kamaruddin, A., Meadows, S., Daus, J., Vitale, M., Perillo, L., Sherriff, M. and Bister, D., 2017. Alignment efficiency and esthetic performance of 4 coated nickel-titanium archwires in orthodontic patients over 8 weeks: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 152(6), pp.744-752.
Papageorgiou SN, Konstantinidis I, Papadopoulou K, Jäger A, Bourauel C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental clinical evidence on initial aligning archwires and archwire sequences. Orthod Craniofac Res 2014;17:197–215.
Serafim CM de C, Gurgel J de A, Tiago CM, Tavarez RR de J, Maia Filho EM. Clinical Efficiency of Two Sequences of Orthodontic Wires to Correct Crowding of the Lower Anterior Teeth. Sci World J 2015;2015:690280.
Jain S, Sharma P, Shetty D. Comparison of two different initial archwires for tooth alignment during fixed orthodontic treatment-A randomized clinical trial. J Orthod Sci 2021;10.
Azizi F, Extiari A, Imani MM. Tooth alignment and pain experience with A-NiTi versus Cu-NiTi: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2021;21.
Nabbat SA, Yassir YA. A clinical comparison of the effectiveness of two types of orthodontic aligning archwire materials: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod 2020;42:626–34.
Schubert A, Jäger F, Maltha JC, Bartzela TN. Age effect on orthodontic tooth movement rate and the composition of gingival crevicular fluid: A literature review. J Orofac Orthop 2020;81:113–25.
Aydın B, Şenışık NE, Koşkan Ö. Evaluation of the alignment efficiency of nickel titanium and copper-nickel-titanium archwires in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment over a 12-week period: A single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial. Korean J Orthod 2018;48:153–62.
Nordstrom B, Shoji T, Anderson WC, Fields HW, Beck FM, Kim DG, et al. Comparison of changes in irregularity and transverse width with nickel-titanium and niobium-titanium-tantalum-zirconium archwires during initial orthodontic alignment in adolescents: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod 2018;88:348–54.
Maltagliati LA, Myiahira YI, Fattori L, Capelozza Filho L, Cardoso M. Transversal changes in dental arches from non-extraction treatment with self-ligating brackets. Dental Press J Orthod 2013;18:39–45.
Gatto E, Matarese G, Bella G Di, Nucera R, Borsellino C, Cordasco G. Load-deflection characteristics of superelastic and thermal nickel-titanium wires. Eur J Orthod 2013;35:115–23.
Celikoglu M, Bayram M, Nur M, Kilkis D. Mandibular changes during initial alignment with Smart Clip self-ligating and conventional brackets: A single-center prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Korean J Orthod 2014;45:89–94.
Gok F, Buyuk SK, Ozkan S, Benkli YA. Comparison of arch width and depth changes and pain/discomfort with conventional and copper Ni-Ti archwires for mandibular arch alignment. J World Fed Orthod 2018;7:24–8.