Understanding Microbial Dysbiosis as a Key Driver in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Pathophysiology
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56501/intjhistopatholinterpret.v13i1.1092Keywords:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral microbiome, microbial dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, biofilm, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalisAbstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presents a significant global health challenge, with established risk factors including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Recent research has illuminated the role of the oral microbiome in OSCC pathogenesis, highlighting microbial dysbiosis—a disruption in microbial balance—as a potential contributor to disease development. This review examines how dysbiosis influences OSCC through altered microbial composition, chronic inflammation, production of carcinogenic metabolites, and biofilm formation. Pathogenic bacteria like Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis are implicated in fostering a pro-inflammatory milieu conducive to carcinogenesis. Additionally, microbial metabolites and biofilms play crucial roles in OSCC progression. The review underscores the promise of biomarkers and interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and targeted antimicrobial therapies in early detection and therapeutic strategies for OSCC. Future research directions should focus on optimizing these approaches to improve clinical outcomes while minimizing unintended consequences associated with oral microbiome modulation.
References
L. Su Mun, S. Wye Lum, G. Kong Yuiin Sze, C. Hock Yoong, K. ChingYung, L. Kah Lok, D. Gopinath, Association of microbiome with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review of the metagenomic studies, Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health 18 (14) (2021) 7224, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147224.
R.A. Arthur, R. Dos Santos Bezerra, J.P.B. Ximenez, B.L. Merlin, R. de Andrade Morraye, J.V. Neto, N.M.N. Fava, D.L.A. Figueiredo, C.A.O. de Biagi Jr., M. J. Montibeller, J.B. Guimaraes, ˜ E.G. Alves, M. Schreiner, T.S. da Costa, C.F.L. da Silva, J.M. Malheiros, L.H.B. da Silva, G.T. Ribas, D.O. Achallma, C.M. Braga, K. F.A. Andrade, V. do Carmo Alves Martins, G.V.N. Dos Santos, C.F. Granatto, U.C. Terin, I.H. Sanches, D.E. Ramos, H.M. Garay-Malpartida, G.M.P. de Souza, S. N. Slavov, W.A. Silva Jr., Microbiome and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a possible interplay on iron metabolism and its impact on tumor microenvironment, Braz. J. Microbiol. 52 (3) (2021) 1287–1302, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00491-6.
H. Zhao, M. Chu, Z. Huang, X. Yang, S. Ran, B. Hu, C. Zhang, J. Liang, Variations in oral microbiota associated with oral cancer, Sci. Rep. 7 (1) (2017), 11773, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11779-9
N.N. Al-hebshi, A.T. Nasher, M.Y. Maryoud, H.E. Homeida, T. Chen, A.M. Idris, N.W. Johnson, Inflammatory bacteriome featuring Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified in association with oral squamous cell carcinoma, Sci. Rep. 7 (1) (2017) 1834, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02079-3.
W.H. Lee, H.M. Chen, S.F. Yang, C. Liang, C.Y. Peng, F.M. Lin, L.L. Tsai, B.C. Wu, C.H. Hsin, C.Y. Chuang, T. Yang, T.L. Yang, S.Y. Ho, W.L. Chen, K.C. Ueng, H. D. Huang, C.N. Huang, Y.J. Jong, Bacterial alterations in salivary microbiota and their association in oral cancer, Sci. Rep. 7 (1) (2017), 16540, https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-017-16418-x.
B.L. Schmidt, J. Kuczynski, A. Bhattacharya, B. Huey, P.M. Corby, E.L. Queiroz, K. Nightingale, A.R. Kerr, M.D. DeLacure, R. Veeramachaneni, A.B. Olshen, D. G. Albertson, Chang
Sarkar P, Malik S, Laha S, Das S, Bunk S, Ray JG, Chatterjee R, Saha A. Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota During Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development. Front Oncol. 2021 Feb 23;11:614448. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.614448. PMID: 33708627; PMCID: PMC7940518.
Su SC, Chang LC, Huang HD, Peng CY, Chuang CY, Chen YT, Lu MY, Chiu YW, Chen PY, Yang SF. Oral microbial dysbiosis and its performance in predicting oral cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2021 Feb 11;42(1):127-135. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa062. PMID: 32621740.
Unlu, O., Demirci, M., Paksoy, T. et al. Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with oral cavity cancers. Clin Oral Invest 28, 377 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-024-05770-8
Cai, L., Zhu, H., Mou, Q. et al. Integrative analysis reveals associations between oral microbiota dysbiosis and host genetic and epigenetic aberrations in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 10, 39 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00511-x
La Rosa, G.R., Gattuso, G., Pedullà, E., Rapisarda, E., Nicolosi, D., & Salmeri, M. (2020). Association of oral dysbiosis with oral cancer development (Review). Oncology Letters, 19, 3045-3058. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11441
Appanna VD. Dysbiosis, Probiotics, and Prebiotics: In Diseases and Health. Human Microbes - The Power Within. 2018 Feb 6:81–122. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-7684-8_3. PMCID: PMC7121371.
13.Sheflin AM, Whitney AK, Weir TL. Cancer-promoting effects of microbial dysbiosis. Curr Oncol Rep. 2014;16:406. doi: 10.1007/s11912-014-0406-0
Schmidt BL, Kuczynski J, Bhattacharya A, Huey B, Corby PM, Queiroz ELS, et al. Muy-Teck Teh (2014) Changes in Abundance of Oral Microbiota Associated with Oral Cancer. PLoS ONE 9(6): e98741. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098741.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Vikram S Amberkar, Kochli Channappa Niranjan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
