Drug Induced Gingival Enlargement: Non-Surgical Management

Pradnya  Dattatraya Kadam; Mala Dixit Baburaj; Bhalchandra Thorat

doi:10.56501/intjorofacres.v7i2.887

Authors

Pradnya Dattatraya Kadam Department of Dentistry, Shree Bhausaheb Hire Govt Medical College, Dhule-424002, Maharashtra, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7844-4099
Mala Dixit Baburaj Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai-400008, Maharashtra, India
Bhalchandra Thorat Department of Dentistry, St. George Government Dental College, Mumbai-400001, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorofacres.v7i2.887

Keywords:

Phenytoin, Gingival Overgrowth, Antiepileptic Drug, Epilepsy, Case report

Abstract

Gingival overgrowth was a side effect of several different drug classes, including anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers. Extracellular collagenous matrix components accumulate together with varying degrees of inflammation to describe it. The anti-epileptic phenytoin is one of the main medications linked to gingival overgrowth. It affects gingival tissues by changing the metabolism of extracellular matrix. This paper aims to present a case report on non-surgical management of phenytoin drug induced gingival enlargement.

References

Desai P, Silver JG. Drug-induced gingival enlargements. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 1998;64(4):263–268.

Brunet L, Miranda J, Farre M, et al. Gingival enlargement induced by drugs. Drug Safety. 1996; 15(3):219–231. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199615030-00007

Kimball OP. The treatment of epilepsy with sodium diphenyl hydantoinate. JAMA. 1939;112(13):1244–1245. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1939.02800130028009

Faurbye A. Behandling af epilepsi med diphenylhydantoin. Ugeskr Laeg. 1939;101:1350–1354.

Strean LR, Leoni E. Dilantin gingival hyperplasia. Newer concepts related to etiology and treatment. NY St Dent J 1959;25:339–347.

Seymour RA, Thomason JM, Ellis JS. The pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23(3 Pt 1):165-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1996.tb02072.x

Loscalzo J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 21st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2022.

Corrêa JD, Queiroz-Junior CM, Costa JE. Phenytoin-induced gingiva overgrowth: a review of the molecular, immune and inflammatory features. ISRN Dent. 2011;497850. https://doi.org/10.5402/2F2011/2F497850.

Merritt H, Putnam T. Sodium diphenylhydantoinate in the treatment of convulsive disorder. JAMA. 1938;111:1068-1073. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1938.02790380010004

Priyadharshini V, Belure VV, Triveni MG, et al. Successful management of phenytoin and phenobarbitone induced gingival enlargement: A multimodal approach. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. 2014;5(2):268–271. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.132365

Barclay S, Thomason JM, Idle JR. The incidence and severity of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. J Clin Periodontol. 1992;19(5):311-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00650.x

Angelopoulos AP. Diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia. A clinicopathological review. 1. Incidence, clinical features and histopathology. Dent J 1975;41(2):103-6.

Hassell TM, Burtner AP, McNeal D, Smith RG. Oral problems and genetic aspects of individuals with epilepsy. Periodontol 2000 1994;6:68-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00027.x