Comparative evaluation of change in the pH and streptococcus mutans count in dental plaque after use of probiotic curd – an in vivo microbiological study Original Research

Main Article Content

N B Nagaveni
Yadav Sneha
Poornima T P

Abstract

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the decline in Streptococcus mutans level following consumption of Probiotic. However, most of them have tested the salivary levels of microbes.


Aim: The aim of present study was to assess the effect of probiotic curd on pH and colony count of Streptococcus Mutans in dental plaque.


Subjects and methods: This randomized control trial was conducted on 20 healthy children of 6-12 years of age. The subjects were randomly divided into group 1- probiotic group, who consumed probiotic yogurt for 15 days and group 2 – control group without any additional supplement. The pH and colony count of Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque was recorded at baseline and after the intervention period of 15 days.


Results: The drastic decline in the Streptococcus mutans level as well as drop in pH of plaque was noticed among the study group whereas no significant difference was seen in the control group.


Conclusion: Even a short-term consumption of probiotics has detrimental effect on caries producing organism. Thus, it can be used as a preventive measure to control dental caries with added advantage on the general health.

Article Details

How to Cite
Nagaveni, N. B., Sneha , Y., & T P , P. (2023). Comparative evaluation of change in the pH and streptococcus mutans count in dental plaque after use of probiotic curd – an in vivo microbiological study: Original Research . International Journal of Pedodontic Rehabilitation, 8(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjpedorehab.v8i1.783
Section
Articles

References

Wu CC, Lin CT, Wu CY, Peng WS, Lee MJ, Tsai YC. Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus salivarius on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation.- Mol Oral Microbiol. 30(1):16-26, 2015.

Bao X, de Soet JJ, Tong H, Gao X, He L, van Loveren C, Deng DM. Streptococcus oligofermentans Inhibits Streptococcus mutans in Biofilms at both Netral pH and CariogenicConditions. PLoS One. 10(6):e0130962, 2015.

Tahmourespour A, Kermanshahi RK. The effect of a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus acidophilus) on the plaque formation of oral Streptococci. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 11(1):37-40, 2011 Feb.

Jose JE, Padmannabhan S, Chitharanjan AB.Syestemic consumption of probiotic curd and use of probiotic toothpaste to reduce Streptococcus mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 144(1):67-72, 2013.

Ashwin D, Ke V, Taranath M, Ramagoni NK, Nara A, Sarpangala M. Effect of probiotic containing Ice-cream on Salivary Mutans Streptococci (SMS) Levels in Children of 6-12 Years of age : A Randomized controlled Double Blind Study with Six-months Follow up. J ClinDiagn Res. 9(2):ZC06-9, 2015.

Lodi CS, Oliveira LV, Brighenti FL, Delbem AC, Martinhon CC. Effects of probiotic fermented milk on biofilms, oral microbiota, and enamel. Braz Oral Res. 29, 2015.

Toiviainen A, Jalasvuori H, Lahti E, Gursoy U, Salminen S, Fontana M, Flannagan S, Eckert G, Kokaras A, Paster B, Soderling E. Impact of orally administered lozenges with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacteriumanimalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 on the number of salivary mutans streptococci, amount of plaque, gingival inflammation and the oral microbiome in healthy adults. Clin Oral Investig. 19(1):77-83, 2015.

Mahantesha T, Reddy KM, Kumar NH, Nara A, Ashwin D, Buddiga V. Comparative Study of Probiotic Ice Cream and Probiotic Drink on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Levels in 6-12Years Age Group Children. J Int Oral Health. 7(9):47-50, 2015.

Anderson MH, Shi W.A probiotic approach to caries management.Pediatr Dent. 28(2):151-3, 2006

Karuppaiah RM, Shankar S, Raj SK, Ramesh K, Prakash R, Kruthika M. Evaluation of the efficacy of probiotics in plaque reduction and gingival health maintenance among school children - A Randomized Control Trial. J Int Oral Health. 5(5):33-7, 2013.

Sugano N.Biological plaque control: novel therapeutic approach to periodontal disease. J Oral Sci. 54(1):1-5, 2012.

Polonskaya MS. Antibiotic from Acidophilus. Microbiologiya. 21:303-10, 1952.

Cildir SK, Germec D, Sandalli N, Ozdemir FI, Arun T, Twetman S, Caglar E. Reduction of salivary mutans streptococci in orthodontic patients during daily consumption of yoghurt containing probiotic bacteria. Eur J Orthod. 31(4):407-11, 2009.

Sudhir R, Praveen P, Anatharaj A, Venkataraghavan K. Assessment of the effect of probiotic curd consumption on salivary pH and streptococcus mutans counts. Niger Med J. 53(3):135-9, 2012.

Montalto M, Vastola M, Marigo L, Covino M, Graziosetto R, Curigliano V, et al. Probiotic treatment increases salivary counts of lactobacilli: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Digestion. 69(1):53-6, 2004.

Simark-Mattsson C, Emilson CG, Håkansson EG, Jacobsson C, Roos K, Holm S.Lactobacillus-mediated interference of mutans streptococci in caries-free vs. caries-active subjects.Eur J Oral Sci. 115(4):308-14, 2007.

Näse L, Hatakka K, Savilahti E, Saxelin M, Pönkä A, Poussa T, et al. Effect of long-term consumption of probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children. Caries Res 35(6):412-20, 2001.

Ahola AJ, Yli-Knuuttila H, Suomalainen T, Poussa T, Ahlström A, Meurman JH, et al. Short-term consumption of probiotic containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factors. Arch Oral Biol. 47(11):799-804. 23, 2002.

Ghasempour M, Sefdgar SA, Moghadamnia AA, Ghadimi R, Gharekhani S1, Shirkhani L.Comparative study of Kefir yogurt-drink and sodium fluoride mouth rinse on salivary mutans streptococci. J Contemp Dent Pract. 15(2):214-7, 2014.

Juneja A, Kakade A (Juneja A, Kakade A. Evaluating the effect of probiotic containing milk on salivary mutans streptococci levels. J ClinPediatr Dent 37(1):9-14, 2012.

Caglar E, Sandalli N, Twetman S, Kavaloglu S, Ergeneli S, Selvi S. Consumption of yogurt with Bifidobacterium DN-173 010 and its effect on dental caries risk factors 2005. ActaOdontologicaScandinavica. 63:317–320, 2005.

Caglar E, Kavaloglu S C,Kuscu OO,SandalliN, Holgerson PL,Twetman S. Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol or probiotic bacteria on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Clinical Oral Investigations. 11:425 -c429, 2007.

Caglar E, Kuscu OO, KavalogluSC, SelviSS, Sandalli N. A probiotic lozenge administered medical device and its effect on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 18:35-39, 2008.

Singh RP, Damle SG, Chawla A. Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli modulations in young children on consumption of probiotic ice-cream containing Bifidobacteriumlactis Bb12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La5. ActaOdontol Scand. 69(6):389-94, 2011.

Flichy-Fernandez AJ, Alegre-Domingo T, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Penarrocha-Diago M. Probiotic treatment in oral cavity: an update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 15:e677-80, 2010.

Laleman, I., Detailleur, V., Slot, D.E., Slomka, V., Quirynen, M. and Teughels, W. Probiotics reduce mutans streptococci counts in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Oral Investigations. 18:1539–1552, 2004.

Cagetti MG, Mastroberardino S, Milia E, Cocco F, Lingström P, Campus G. The use of probiotic strains in caries prevention: a systematic review. Nutrients. 5(7):2530-50. 2013.

Gizani S, Petsi G, Twetman S, Caroni C, Makou M, Papagianoulis L. Effect of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri on white spot lesion development in orthodontic patients. Eur J Orthod. 3, 2015.